Digital Africa 2010 Ends with Resolve for a Better African Future

Concluding three days of intense discussion, debate, and a surprising sense of cooperation, on Thursday evening the Honorable Aggrey S. Awori, Uganda’s Minister of ICT, brought the Digital Africa Summit 2010 to a close.

The summit brought representatives and ministers from most countries in Africa, as well as from the private sector, including telecom carriers, Internet providers, content providers, and some equipment vendors. All had a common objective – close the doors, throw their national a regional issues on the table, and as a community set aside politics and social differences in a brainstorming session to make a better Africa.

The problem is clear – without 21st century ICT infrastructure, Africa will not compete in the global community. No ICT infrastructure, then Africa will not be able to compete on a level “playing field” in education, business, and government with their global counterparts.

The highest priorities:

  1. Backbone telecom infrastructure
  2. Local access (the final mile)
  3. Education
  4. Generation of local hosted services and content
  5. Development of eEverything (eLearning, eGovernment, eBusiness, eXXXXX)

Business Excellence Global Media hosted the conference at Kampala’s Munyonyo Commonwealth Resort on the shores of Lake Victoria. Far enough away from the city to isolate attendees from external distractions, close enough to the community to offer a constant reminder of the reality of Africa’s economic and social challenges, all attendees set aside their home affiliations and shared both problems and best practices as a single community.

Africans Working Together

As an American, I have no particular emotional ties to my neighbors to the north and south. While Canadians, Mexicans, and Americans generally have no major problems, we do not consider ourselves North Americans as a secondary social affiliation. Perhaps that is because all North American countries are heavily populated with immigrants, and secondary affiliations are likely to be to their native countries.

The surprising revelation for me was the sense of community delegates from all countries felt for each other. Although the French speaking nations had a bit of difficulty communicating with English speaking nations, there was enough common language among all attendees that any differences in language were met with a bit of laughter, an explanation in simpler terms, and a period of mutual learning that resulted in friendships developing among the delegates that will last far beyond Entebbe Airport.

Digital Convergence and Innovation Driving Positive Change

“Optimizing Infrastructure Opportunities,” “Infrastructure Impacting Socio-Economic Growth,” “Creating Innovative Mobile Ecosystems,” and many other topics attracted interesting presentations, case studies, and debate.

Given the presence of national regulators at the conference, several other statements gained increased hope and credibility.

  1. All nations give higher visibility and priority to building human and intellectual capacity through access to ICT
  2. Interconnect all African cities by 2012
  3. Interconnect all African villages by 2015

Most would say, “that is really nice to say, but with a reality check it has little meaning.” Then we find that with the expansion and construction of mobile phone systems in locations such as Uganda, which claims 100% of the country is addressable with their existing tower infrastructure, the vision gains more credibility. Much more. Technically, with use of wireless access points, it is possible.

Digital Africa 2010 is over, and the delegates on the way home. But friendships and connections are made, and all displayed a hunger for improving their individual countries and continent. Yes, a bit of rivalry, but a healthy rivalry that will stimulate construction competition.

We look forward to attending Digital Africa 2011, and I leave Uganda with a strong sense of hope and confidence Africa will deliver.

Do You Mean We Import Chalk?

Dr. Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya, Vice President of Uganda told a story during the opening session of Digital Africa 2010. While traveling within the country, he paid special attention to small schools. While lacking nearly every normal school resource, each school had one common denominator – they all had black boards and chalk.

The question started nagging him. As the VP, he was in pretty good touch with imports, exports, and manufacturing within Uganda. But chalk, as an ubiquitous tool, was nearly completely imported from China. Something as simple as chalk, a tool used by nearly everybody n the country, was not being produced in the domestic business sector.

Primary school in a small village near KampalaDr. Bukenya changed that. The chalk problem was quickly rectified, and a new program of “can we make it in Uganda” started. The basic idea is if the product is capable of being made in-country, then Uganda should not pay another country for the product.

Reward local innovation, but don’t forget we are part of a global community

It is very easy to slap a flag on a cardboard box identifying the origin of contents with a “Made with Pride in ____.” And a good idea. If the materials and labor force are available, those things should not be imported, and the product may actually be robust enough for export. In the US we are nearly militant in our enthusiasm supporting “Made in America” campaigns, almost to the point of being accused of a shortfall in patriotism for buying foreign materials.

But let’s keep in mind we are part of a global economy. Innovation and entrepreneurship occurs in every nation of the world, and although it is difficult to admit, some ideas are better than ours. And at some point we like variety. And we can call this world trade.

Be a Hunter, not a Gatherer

Dr. Bukenya further challenged the delegates to change our minds (as a society) from accepting handouts from others, buying everything we use from others, and being dependent on donors for our livelihoods. Take control of our own destiny, and start producing. Nurture entrepreneurs, nurture innovation.

This includes innovation in the ICT sector. Dr. Aggrey Awori, Uganda’s Minister of ICT, stated “broadband (communications) and ICT are now the greatest enablers of modern society.” He went to make an even stronger statement “access to ICT is a basic human entitlement.”

Evidence indicates this is not idle rhetoric, but actual policy. The Open Internet Initiative (ONI) does not find any evidence of government filtering or censoring within the country. The major obstacle in Uganda’s efforts to bring Internet to the people being a lack of basic infrastructure, including both telecom and electricity.

The eLearning Component

Ugandans enjoy government mandated education up secondary school. However, while the basic literacy rate is high (66.8%), there is little wide spread access to advanced education tools such as Internet. Thus students complete their education at a great disadvantage to students in other countries with much greater access to network applications and technology.

Chalk is easy, producing software or manufacturing consumer and industrial goods for export is not. While Dr. Bukenya’s “can we make it in Uganda” idea is worthy, to make it work will require considerably more attention to building basic infrastructure needed to prepare workers for the global marketplace.

As we’ve discussed in previous articles, ICT is the 4th utility. Roads, power, and water are now joined by information and communications technology. Without ICT infrastructure as a basic requirement, a country cannot compete in the global marketplace, and will be restricted to depending on global donors for its existence – not to mention the vulnerability such as country has to political upheaval and violence.

Uganda gets it, and the delegates of Digital Africa 2010 get it. Now it is our job to make sure the rest of the world gets it.

Previous article in this series:

Digital Africa 2010 and Cloud Computing in Developing Countries

Digital Africa 2010 and Cloud Computing in Developing Countries

At the Digital Africa Summit 2010 in Kampala, Uganda, discussion is rightly focused on both telecommunications policy and economic development. Cloud computing is a topic heard among sidebar Near Kampala Uganda and Digital Africa 2010discussions, although it has yet to hit the mainstream of conference programming.

We will bring a series of reports from Digital Africa – it is a very exciting group of people who truly have the best interests of Africa as their key objective. Kicked off by Dr. Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya, Vice President of Uganda, the conference also included ministers of communications from Uganda, Niger, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso. Other nations are well represented with representatives from the private sector, government, and education.

With that many politicians, you would think protocol would prevent any level of innovation or open discussion. Not the case, it was a very cooperative environment.

Why is cloud important in developing countries?

It is a reasonable question, and a reasonable answer. The basic requirements in developing countries (beyond clean water and food) are infrastructure, education, jobs, and eGovernment (including banking). Nothing works without the infrastructure in place. In countries without stable electricity and limited telecom infrastructure, this has to be a high priority.

When building out the basic infrastructure in countries with a tremendous amount of sunlight, wind or solar energy makes a lot of sense. A lot more sustainable than running diesel generators, and as an unfortunate byproduct of global warming, more sunny days each year are available to provide power.

In rural areas we are talking about enough power to provide electricity for schools, internet kiosks or cafes, and wireless access points in city centers. 15kW would do it, and that is not unreasonable. It is not unreasonable if we are looking at low-powered NetBooks and terminals that do not have a large burden of local resources for processing power, memory, storage, and high performance video applications.

According to several presentations at Digital Africa, there is strong evidence that with each 10% of any population in Africa having access to mobile or Internet technologies, there is a corresponding 1.8% increase in that nation’s GDP. Evidence that simply bringing Internet and education to the rural and unwired population will increase the national wealth, and quality of life, by a an annual increase of 1.8%

Bring the cable to the school, wire up a NetBook-based LAN, connect via wireless to a local access point, and you have an entry-level connected school. An entry-level school that can access Stanford classes online, from rural areas of Niger. Once that is available, and children are able to diffuse wired intellectual exposure into their intellectual tacit knowledge library, and we are creating a much more level playing field.

OK, let’s drop the physical fiber runs and electricity planning for just a moment. We’ll save that for a future article.

Cloud Computing Driving the Community

If we can build a data center in a couple of national locations with stable power, and with international or local funding build out a basic data center infrastructure, then with a bit of creativity and planning we will expect Infrastructure virtualization (IaaS) as a basic component of the data center.

Utility processing, storage, and memory available for the community. With a bit of further planning, adding one or more good PaaS models on the infrastructure, and we have a resource that can be used to host academic applications, business applications, and government applications. Remember this is the early days of development – in most cases there is no infrastructure to start with, so we can design this as a best practice from Day 1.

Take the burden of infrastructure away from the schools, startup companies, and existing SMEs and offer a virtual data center utility to server both their office automation and IT needs, as well as granting access to the global marketplace.

A Novel Idea – the Mobile Data Center

Bringing education to the students in UgandaUConnect is a project run by several independent souls who want to bring education to the small rural school children in Uganda. A panel truck, lined with computers, and a server hosting a wide variety of eLearning applications, UConnect drives to schools and lets the children work on computers for a couple hours each week. A project bringing education to areas where just a year ago there would be no opportunity for children to be exposed to either computer technologies, or formal education materials.

Hero bringing education to children in rural UgandaThis is creativity, and a refusal to let the children grow up in a world where they are completely out of touch with their global community counterparts. A technology baby step for us, a giant leap for Ugandan children. But not good enough. We need to inspire children to succeed, and to do that children need exposure to the same intellectual tools as a child in Calabasas, California.

Cloud computing can, should, and will be part of that plan. It makes sense.

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